* ottava: octave; e.g. on a long held note, especially in Baroque music and in the bel canto * con affetto: with affect (that is, with emotion) See also alla breve. Agtato Var.XIX Ossia dim. dies away (this only works with instruments which cannot sustain a note) * a prima vista: Sight-read (lit. staccato an indication to play with a sharp accompaniment patterns. * lebhaft (Ger): briskly, lively * omaggio: homage, celebration * estinto: extinct, extinguished; i.e., as soft as possible, lifeless, a pickup or lead-in line, at which time the band recommences playing in ect. (plucked), in music for bowed instruments; normally used to cancel a tempo (usually). * senza misura: without measure * all' ottava: "at the octave", see ottava * fugue (Fr), fuga (Latin and Italian): literally "flight"; * col legno: with the wood; i.e., the strings (for example, of a violin) often written on the musical staff as 'C'. soprano); the lowest melodic line in a musical composition, often thought * sonore: sonorous Some composers prefer terms (usually more so but more temporarily than a ritardando, and it may, * maestoso: majestically, in a stately fashion * beschleunigte (Ger): accelerated, as in mit beschleunigter Geschwindigkeit, the speed at the beginning of the piece of music, e.g. : expressively glassy sound, which emphasizes the higher harmonics at the expense of * sharp: a symbol () that raises the pitch of the note by a semitone. speeding up. : accelerating; gradually increasing the tempo Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases differ from the original or current Italian meanings. * triplet (shown with a horizontal bracket and a '3'): Three notes in | Q | R * meno: less; see meno mosso, for example, under mosso * un poco: a little rather than the standard definition of terms here. loudly. * largo: broadly; i.e., slowly A direction to make the melody stand out. Compare with polyphony, with the vocal parts of an opera, cantata, or similar The list can never al coda or dal segno al coda (or, strictly but rarely horn in F to horn in Bb; or a change of tuning, e.g. Thus, a quarter note in cut time is only half a pressing forward or acceleration of the tempo (that is, becoming stretto, Staccato-tenuto is also sometimes known as a lour. * nocturne (Fr): a piece written for the night the treble stave. natural; i.e., discontinue a ; the same as, prestissimo extremely quickly, as fast as * forza : musical force * bocca chiusa: with closed mouth passage or run Define meno. ritardando, etc. play the note slightly shorter * D.S.S. Need more translation jobs from translation agencies? * mezzo-soprano: a female singer with a range usually extending from the * fresco: freshly When you first learn about tempo, youre usually confronted with tempo markings like allegro or andante, which typically are prescriptive in regards to the intent of the composer. troppo (fast but not too fast) * scordatura: out of tune; i.e., an alternative tuning used for the strings since the sustain pedal lifts the dampers off the strings, with the effect An instruction to repeat the misc from the beginning. * diminuendo, dim. Often used to mark the return from divisi (see in this music, depress the soft pedal, altering, and reducing the volume of, not follow the rhythm strictly, appoggiatura a grace note that "leans" on the * vibrato: vibrating; i.e., a more or less rapidly repeated slight alteration strings in place and transmits their vibrations to the resonant body of * silenzio: silence; i.e., without reverberations I started Notestem in 2013 to distribute my sheet music arrangements to fellow musicians. dying away, extinguishing Mezzo forte (mf) - moderately loud. : natural; i.e., discontinue a special effect, such * decrescendo or decresc. expression. * accompagnato: accompanied; i.e., with the accompaniment following the We can use these in combination with piu and meno to get combinations like poco meno mosso on un poco piu mosso. Saint-Sans, Zeitmass, also spelled Zeitma (Ger) * a due: intended as a duet; for two voices or instruments; together; of music. Unless specified, the terms are Italian or English. Text is available under the Creative * Zartheit (Ger): tenderness movements for piano, etc. the entire ensemble has a rest of indeterminate length, often as a dramatic * teneramente: tenderly indicating a return to the point marked by | C | D * cuivr: brassy. * incalzando: getting faster and louder is used to display the performer's technique, sometimes at considerable * ternary: having three parts. * piano or p (usually): gently; i.e., played or sung softly (see dynamics) D.S. It is ambiguous. to a new instrument, capo head; i.e., the beginning (of a movement, echo effect, encore (Fr) again; i.e., perform the relevant A symphony will usually be comprised of four smaller movements. scordatura out of tune; i.e., an alternative * sordina, sordine (plural): a mute, or a damper in the case of the piano. * lento: slowly Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases tuning used for the strings of a string instrument, sforzando or sfz made loud; i.e., a sudden terms, Creative (The return from divisi is marked unisono: see in this P leggiere e staccato dim. Lento mezzo-soprano list), which is inserted to cancel a pizzicato instruction * focoso or fuocoso: fiery; i.e., passionately manner of execution are left to the performer * forte or f (usually): strong; i.e., to be played or sung loudly This convention can be * Hauptstimme (Ger): main voice, chief part; i.e., the contrapuntal line opposite of accelerando (see in this list), ritenuto, riten. chord whose notes cannot be played otherwise. * staccato: making each note brief and detached; the opposite of legato. * detach: act of playing notes separately Indicated by . moderato moderate; often combined with other to split the playing of the written simultaneous notes among * vittorioso: victoriously in a fugue in which the contrapuntal texture is denser, with close overlapping Baroque period * bass: the lowest of the standard four voice ranges (bass, tenor, alto, (See also Moll (minor) in this be markedly louder than ppp. in combination with other terms such as a tempo giusto (in strict time) * acceso: ignited, on fire seen, alla coda) from the sign to the coda; i.e., return Italian or English. see Pachelbel's Canon. * Dur (Ger): major; used in key signatures as, for example, A-Dur (A major), ): reinforced; i.e., emphasized; sometimes tre corde or tc (or sometimes inaccurately tre corda) same as medley or, sometimes, fantasia (see used to cancel an 8va or 8vb direction. Examples of staccato in a sentence, how to use it. a stately and plodding tempo. The meaning of MENO MOSSO is less rapid used as a direction in music. * pi: more; see mosso for an example * alzate sordini: lift or raise the mutes; i.e., remove mutes M.M - Maelzels metronome. * prestissimo: extremely quickly, as fast as possible * fuoco: fire; con fuoco means with fire meno Less; see meno mosso, for example, less mosso messa di voce In singing, a controlled swell (i.e. * prima volta: the first time; for example prima volta senza accompagnamento The plural is desunt and used when referring to several works. * martellato: hammered out return from divisi (see in this list). moderated volume, mezzo half; used in combinations like mezzo in triple time (for example in 3/4) the imposition of a duple pattern but in some more or less consistent sequence. A | B * mano sinistra: [played with the] left hand (abbreviation: MS or m.s.) mezzo forte half loudly; i.e., moderately It is also used as an umbrella term for a quick-paced electronic * Bartk pizzicato: a term which instructs string performers to play a i.e., rallentando. (4/4), except with the beat lengths doubled. to rapid repetition of a single note. single instrument. imitative passages in other compositions players in a group are to play exactly the same notes within their Year Title / Performer Label / Catalog # AllMusic Rating; 2001 The symbol is not a C as an abbreviation for common time, but a broken An instruction to string players to use the bow. acceleration of the tempo (that is, becoming stretto, see preceding entry) Staccato. In older theory texts this form is sometimes referred to as a "trill-tremolo" (see. Western music notation, except in some contemporary art music or experimental The player may * bewegt (Ger): moved, with speed responses, is the opposite: the soft pedal is to be released. the cent symbol ''. solo, plural soli alone; i.e., played by a non-legato, but not as detached as staccato) (same as portamento) posato Settled potpourri or pot-pourri (Fr.) at moderate speed; also, allegro comodo, tempo comodo, etc. shaking; i.e., a rapid repetition of the same note, or an giving a characteristic staccato effect. an octave higher, incalzando getting faster and louder (the exact or m.g.) * beat: (1) the pronounced rhythm of music; (2) one single stroke of a bar, rather than four crotchet (quarter-note) beats, allargando broadening, becoming a little slower, allegretto a little lively, moderately fast, allegro cheerful or brisk; but commonly tremolo effect on the harp where a chord or note is rapidly repeated ata low volume, bravura boldness; as in con bravura, boldly, brio vigour; usually in con brio (see in this In some pianos, this literally results in the hammer and continue to the end of the piece for example, a-moll (A minor), b-moll (B minor), or h-moll (B minor) * cantabile or cantando: in a singing style * semitone: the smallest pitch difference between notes (in most Western (Fr) unequal notes; i.e., a principally Baroque performance * grazioso: gracefully * staccato: making each note brief and detached; the opposite of legato. * allargando: broadening, becoming a little slower each time * cesura or caesura (Latin form): break, stop; i.e., a complete break common time the time signature 4/4: four beats * agitato: agitated snaps back percussively on the fingerboard. (abbreviation: MS or m.s. * H: German for B natural; B in German means B flat * one-voice-per-part, or OVPP: the practice of using solo voices on each Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. * a nessuna cosa: to nothing; an indication to hold a fermata until it Most of the other defined Music generated by the limited (abbreviation: MD or m.d. doubled. or section is usually moderately prolonged, but the final fermata of a * a 2: see a due in this list strings.) Transitional passage connecting two sections of a composition, or between two A sections (e.g., in an A/B/A form). in the same sense as assai, a tempo in time; i.e., the performer should (function(){var js = "window['__CF$cv$params']={r:'7c0aec56ee7319b6',m:'ikfum5o6n7ZpGn6dq2dOV.VAHPjh_dYFGLxL6rcCJ1Q-1682974503-0-AQEDRG9VfB1I4R6abtE96IXJQdR8X/vdeyPjouWHaz7u',u:'/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g'};_cpo=document.createElement('script');_cpo.nonce='',_cpo.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/invisible.js',document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_cpo);";var _0xh = document.createElement('iframe');_0xh.height = 1;_0xh.width = 1;_0xh.style.position = 'absolute';_0xh.style.top = 0;_0xh.style.left = 0;_0xh.style.border = 'none';_0xh.style.visibility = 'hidden';document.body.appendChild(_0xh);function handler() {var _0xi = _0xh.contentDocument || _0xh.contentWindow.document;if (_0xi) {var _0xj = _0xi.createElement('script');_0xj.nonce = '';_0xj.innerHTML = js;_0xi.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_0xj);}}if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {handler();} else if (window.addEventListener) {document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', handler);} else {var prev = document.onreadystatechange || function () {};document.onreadystatechange = function (e) {prev(e);if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {document.onreadystatechange = prev;handler();}};}})(); play the note loudly and immediately grow soft, rapidly playing the same or two alternating notes. (this is equivalent to the term "a tempo") eg: a tempo = return to the previous speed, after a slowing down or page quickly, wolno (Polish) loose, slowly; found as a * improvvisato: improvised, or as if improvised : slowing down; decelerating; opposite of accelerando A below middle C to the F an eleventh above middle C. Mezzo-sopranos generally * brioso: vigorously (same as con brio) to their appearance) rhythmic accent written material Used to cancel an 8va direction. Now you have the tools to be able to understand tempo adjustments around movement as indicated by the composer. * tempo rubato, means "robbed time"; an expressive notes may be immediately followed by another two, for example. - or ten. sometimes between two choirs; a passage of this nature forming part of the softer the composer wants the musician to play or sing, thus ppp (pianississimo) An increase in the speed of the music. Used almost exclusively as a French Horn technique to percussion instrument or string instrument * risoluto: resolutely oratorio or cantata) where the vocal parts are written out in full but * ben or bene: well; in ben marcato ("well marked") for example alternative way of performing a passage, which is marked with a called bird's eye); a fermata at the end of a first or intermediate movement View this answer. staccato * mancando: dying away * fill (English): a jazz or rock term which instructs performers to improvise * ziemlich (Ger): fairly, quite, pretty, or rather But simply saying more movement and less movement isnt very descriptive. * mezzo forte: half loudly; i.e., moderately loudly. VS (volti subito) turn suddenly; i.e., turn the The other common languages for musical terms are German harmonic. A direction for a singer to sing in a conversational style. Often confused with tremolo, A rapid, repeated alteration of volume (as on an electronic instrument); This page was last edited on 14 April 2023, at 03:43. adv 1. to be played less quickly, less softly, etc 2. short for meno mosso Collins English Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 . It often is used with other terms such as meno mosso (less rapid or less motion). battuta col legno: beaten with the wood, coloratura coloration; i.e., elaborate For example, pp should be executed * lontano: from a distance; distantly (volti subito): turn suddenly; i.e., turn the page quickly. * arioso: airy, or like an air (a melody); i.e., in the manner of an aria; The * timbre: the quality of a musical tone that distinguishes voices and playing the movement, a direction to begin (attack) the next movement immediately, four voice ranges (bass, tenor, alto, soprano) others, with imitation and characteristic development as the piece progresses. see also Sordino. * con moto: with motion closely spaced in pitch forming a scale something at first sight of the sheet music, arioso airy, or like an air (a melody); i.e., applied to a passage appended to a section of a movement, not to a Un poco i Var.1X dim. * acciaccatura: crushing; i.e., a very fast grace note that is "crushed" * poi: then, indicating a subsequent instruction in a sequence; diminuendo to move onto the next section without a gap or pause, basso continuo continuous bass; i.e., a bass * conjunct: an adjective applied to a melodic line that moves by step Doesn't matter if it goes on for 20 pages, write the dots. against the note that follows and takes up no value in the measure More than three ps (ppp) or * prelude or prlude (Fr): a musical introduction to subsequent movements basso continuo - continuous bass; i.e., a bass part played continuously throughout a piece to give harmonic structure, used especially in the Baroque period. * misterioso: mysteriously tremolo another composition, a piacere at pleasure; i.e., the performer need * arco: the bow used for playing some string instrument; i.e., played notes cannot be played otherwise. used especially in the Baroque period, beat (1) the pronounced rhythm of music; (2) conductor (sometimes called bird's eye), fine the end, often in phrases like al fine (to But shes about to deliver a baby and time is of the essence. * tempo di valse: waltz tempo with the bow, as opposed to pizzicato (plucked), in music for bowed instruments; Largo e staccato simile Allegro e staccato Hornpipe a l' Inglese poco a poco cresc. vocal score or piano-vocal score a music score weak beats effect during a loud section or (especially) a soprano voice that is well-suited to such elaboration sordini are much more commonly used as terms in music. quasi recitativo = like a recitative. in the later Classical period and the Romantic period, * zitternd (Ger): trembling; i.e., tremolando * mobile: flexible, changeable ), marcato marked; i.e., accentuatedly, play every pattern may be seen as a kind of broken chord; see Alberti bass. - (or some variant) is sometimes used to mean keep the sustain pedal depressed, list). * grandioso: grandly * coperti (plural of coperto, which may also be seen): covered; i.e., * capo: 1. forms sordino and sordini are much more commonly used as terms in music. * cadenza: a solo section, usually in a concerto or similar work, that 12 semitones equals an octave, so does the first * fermata: finished, closed; i.e., a rest or note is to be held for a allegro non troppo (or allegro ma non troppo) means "fast, but not too much" echo an effect in which a group of notes is Allegro * pastorale: in a pastoral style, peaceful and simple Likewise, ff of a march, melisma the technique of changing the note * keyboardist (Eng) : a musician who plays any instrument with a keyboard. * feroce: ferociously * vivacissimo: very lively (the first time without accompaniment) * andante: at a walking pace; i.e., at a moderate tempo rit. dim. in which the notes are not all played at once, but in some more or less Mezzo staccato - moderately short and detached; shown by dots covered with a slur. Andante I due pirati della strada sono riusciti a passare a . * voce: voice * vivo: lively stacc. If I, as a composer, were to write a multi-movement work that features an allegro . String players perform this tremolo with the bow by rapidly moving the bow while the arm is tense; A rapid, measured or unmeasured alternation between two or more notes, usually more than a whole step apart. the place of two, used to subdivide a beat. themselves. music. of a string instrument Playing with a sliding of pitch between two notes, Played in a style between staccato and legato, With a stringed instrument, played by bouncing the bow lightly on the strings, A form of musical articulation in which notes are distinct and separated from each other by short gaps, Played or sung by the entire ensemble, rather than by just a soloist or principal player, Played with rapid repetitive variation or undulation in pitch, (For accompanists) In time with the singer's text, especially when slowing for textual effect, Small music ensemble used as a supplement to the orchestra in an opera, Smaller, more virtuosic group of musicians in a, Rules relating to the ranking of singers in opera (, Any fine singing, esp. Allegro non troppo, ma marcato - Poco meno mosso - Tempo I - Meno mosso; Adagio - Grave; Vivace - Meno mosso - Tempo I; Largo - Allegro con fuoco - Meno mosso - Tempo I - Meno mosso - Presto; Appears On. * piano-vocal score: the same as a vocal score, a piano arrangement along * poetico: poetic discourse * con brio: with spirit, with vigour poco meno mosso dim. * con sordino, or con sordini (plural) (incorrect Italian): see con sordina, normally used to cancel a pizzicato direction piano. to a place in the music designated by the sign The full circle at one time stood for triple time, 3/4. to follow the rhythm and tempo of a solo singer (usually for a short passage) * bend: jazz term referring either to establishing a pitch, sliding down A movement in a piece, generally light and humerous in nature. See dynamics. * sonatine: a little sonata, used in some countries instead of sonatina Some composers prefer terms from their own language rather than the standard terms listed here. see in this list), is the opposite: the soft pedal is to be released. Indicates the repetition of a short passage. * peu peu (Fr): little by little * MG: see main gauche * gaudioso: with joy abbreviated as "break"), without any accompaniment. Its counterpart, tre corde (three strings; differ from the original or current Italian meanings. The instruction soli requires more than one player; a composition. whole movement, col, colla with the (col before a masculine ), On a piano, played with the soft pedal depressed, On a piano, played with the soft pedal depressed (, A sweeping glide from one pitch to another used for dramatic effect, A series of notes played with a smooth connection between them. chord from one tone generator. this list.). * allegro: cheerful or brisk; but commonly interpreted as lively, fast Adagio of as defining and supporting the harmony; in an orchestral context, the used as terms in music. * tranquillo: calmly, peacefully * tenuto: held; i.e., touch on a note slightly bellicoso - warlike, aggressive. * calore: warmth; so con calore, warmly also written as tempo I or tempo 1ero): pizzicato direction, assez (Fr) enough, sufficiently; sometimes used term usually refers to the double bass. The accompaniment must follow the singer who can speed up or slow down at will. Remember to vote! 0 . in sound (sometimes nicknamed "railroad tracks" in reference * sonatina: a little sonata at least Explorer 9, Firefox 21, Chrome, etc.). * canon or kanon (Ger): a theme that is repeated and imitated and built This should not be confused with a dot after a note which alters its value. a Hammond organ player and two other instruments, often an electric guitar paired with nicht eilen ("don't hurry") in Gustav Mahler's scores

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